WEB DESIGN TUTORIAL HTML PART-018

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Today's Subject is HTML Forms

HTML Forms

HTML Forms are required when you want to collect some data from the site

visitor. For example, during user registration you would like to collect
information such as name, email address, credit card, etc.
A form will take input from the site visitor and then will post it to a back-end
application such as CGI, ASP Script or PHP script etc. The back-end
application will perform required processing on the passed data based on
defined business logic inside the application.
There are various form elements available like text fields, textarea fields, dropdown
menus, radio buttons, checkboxes, etc.
The HTML <form> tag is used to create an HTML form and it has following

syntax:

<form action="Script URL" method="GET|POST">

form elements like input, textarea etc.

</form>

Form Attributes

Apart from common attributes, following is a list of the most frequently used

form attributes:

Attribute	Description
action	Backend script ready to process your passed data.
method	Method to be used to upload data. The most frequently used are GET and POST methods.
target	Specify the target window or frame where the result of the script will be displayed. It takes values like _blank, _self, _parent etc.
enctype	You can use the enctype attribute to specify how the browser encodes the data before it sends it to the server. Possible values are: * application/x-www-form-urlencoded - This is the standard method most forms use in simple scenarios. * mutlipart/form-data - This is used when you want to upload binary data in the form of files like image, word file etc.

Note: You can refer to Perl & CGI for a detail on how form data upload works.
HTML Form Controls
There are different types of form controls that you can use to collect data
using HTML form:

Text Input Controls
Checkboxes Controls
Radio Box Controls
Select Box Controls
File Select boxes
Hidden Controls
Clickable Buttons
Submit and Reset Button

Text Input Controls
There are three types of text input used on forms:

Single-line text input controls - This control is used for items that

require only one line of user input, such as search boxes or names.
They are created using HTML <input> tag.

Password input controls - This is also a single-line text input but it

masks the character as soon as a user enters it. They are also
created using HTML <input> tag.

Multi-line text input controls - This is used when the user is

required to give details that may be longer than a single sentence.
Multi-line input controls are created using HTML <textarea> tag.

Single-line text input controls
This control is used for items that require only one line of user input, such as
search boxes or names. They are created using HTML <input> tag.
Example
Here is a basic example of a single-line text input used to take first name and
last name:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Text Input Control</title>
</head>
<body>
<form >
First name: <input type="text" name="first_name" />
<br>
Last name: <input type="text" name="last_name" />
</form>
</body>
</html>

This will produce following result:

Attributes

Following is the list of attributes for <input> tag for creating text field.

Attribute	Description
Type	Indicates the type of input control and for text input control it will be set to text.
Name	Used to give a name to the control which is sent to the server to be recognized and get the
Value	This can be used to provide an initial value inside the control.
Size	Allows to specify the width of the text-input control in terms of characters.
maxlength	Allows to specify the maximum number of characters a user can enter into the text box.

Password input controls

This is also a single-line text input but it masks the character as soon as a
user enters it. They are also created using HTML <input> tag but type
attribute is set to password.
Example
Here is a basic example of a single-line password input used to take user
password:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Password Input Control</title>
</head>
<body>
<form >
User ID : <input type="text" name="user_id" />
<br>
Password: <input type="password" name="password" />
</form>
</body>
</html>

This will produce following result:

Attributes

Following is the list of attributes for <input> tag for creating password field.

Attribute	Description
Type	Indicates the type of input control and for text input control it will be set to text.
Name	Used to give a name to the control which is sent to the server to be recognized and get the
Value	This can be used to provide an initial value inside the control.
Size	Allows to specify the width of the text-input control in terms of characters.
maxlength	Allows to specify the maximum number of characters a user can enter into the text box.

Multiple-Line Text Input Controls

This is used when the user is required to give details that may be longer than
a single sentence. Multi-line input controls are created using HTML
<textarea> tag.
Example
Here is a basic example of a multi-line text input used to take item
description:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Multiple-Line Input Control</title>
</head>
<body>
<form>
Description : <br />
<textarea rows="5" cols="50" name="description">
Enter description here...
</textarea>
</form>
</body>
</html>

This will produce following result:
Attributes

Following is the list of attributes for <textarea> tag.

Attribute	Description
Name	Used to give a name to the control which is sent to the server to be recognized and get the value.
rows	Indicates the number of rows of text area box.
Cols	Indicates the number of columns of text area box

Checkbox Control

Checkboxes are used when more than one option is required to be selected.
They are also created using HTML <input> tag but type attribute is set
to checkbox.
Example
Here is an example HTML code for a form with two checkboxes:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Checkbox Control</title>
</head>
<body>
<form>
<input type="checkbox" name="maths" value="on"> Maths
<input type="checkbox" name="physics" value="on"> Physics
</form>
</body>
</html>

This will produce following result:

Attributes

Following is the list of attributes for checkbox.

Attribute	Description
Type	Indicates the type of input control and for checkbox input control it will be set to checkbox.
Name	Used to give a name to the control which is sent to the server to be recognized and get the value.
Value	The value that will be used if the checkbox is selected.
Checked	Set to checked if you want to select it by default.

Radio Button Control

Radio buttons are used when out of many options, just one option is required
to be selected. They are also created using HTML <input> tag but type
attribute is set to radio.
Example
Here is example HTML code for a form with two radio buttons:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Radio Box Control</title>
</head>
<body>
<form>
<input type="radio" name="subject" value="maths"> Maths
<input type="radio" name="subject" value="physics"> Physics
</form>
</body>
</html>

This will produce following result:

Attributes

Following is the list of attributes for radio button.

Attribute	Description
Type	Indicates the type of input control and for checkbox input control it will be set to radio.
Name	Used to give a name to the control which is sent to the server to be recognized and get the value.
Value	The value that will be used if the radio box is selected.
Checked	Set to checked if you want to select it by default.

Select Box Control

A select box, also called drop down box which provides option to list down
various options in the form of drop down list, from where a user can select
one or more options.
Example
Here is example HTML code for a form with one drop down box.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Select Box Control</title>
</head>
<body>
<form>
<select name="dropdown">
<option value="Maths" selected>Maths</option>
<option value="Physics">Physics</option>
</select>
</form>
</body>
</html>

This will produce following result:

Attributes

Following is the list of important attributes of <select> tag:

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